About Search Engine:
A Web search engine is a search engine designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. Information may consist of web pages, images and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in newsgroups, databases, or open directories. Unlike Web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or are a mixture of algorithmic and human input.
Google Search Engine:

Google search is a Web search engine owned by Google, Inc., and is the most used search engine on the Web. Google receives several hundred million queries each day through its various services.
PageRank:
Google not only indexes and caches web pages but also takes "snapshots" of other file types, which include PDF, Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, Flash SWF, plain text files and much more. Except in the case of text and SWF files, the cached version is a conversion to (X)HTML, allowing those without the corresponding viewer application to read the file.
Google optimization
Since Google is the most popular search engine, many webmasters
have become eager to influence their website's Google rankings. An industry of consultants has arisen to help websites raise their rankings on Google and on other search engines.
Yahoo Search Engine:
As the spread of the Internet and the Web took off exponentially, its use as a social magnet grew with it. People – mostly students -
began to create pages of links to other web pages that interested them, so that friends and colleagues could share them easily.
David Filo and Jerry Yang were two Ph.D. candidates at Stanford University who started their guide to web sites in a campus trailer in February 1994 to keep track of their personal interests. It wasn’t long before they spent more time on the list of web site links than on their doctoral dissertations. As the lists grew, they broke them into categories, then subcategories. At this point, the web site that started out as Jerry’s Guide to the World Wide Web was renamed Yahoo! with the help of a dictionary. While some say Yahoo! stands for Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle, Filo and Yang insist it was simply named after them – a couple of “yahoos” as the dictionary stated: “Rude, unsophisticated, uncouth.”
Word of Yahoo! spread quickly and in the fall of 1994, the site had its first million-hit day, representing almost 100,000 unique visitors.
Live Search Engine:

Microsoft has added search to its suite of online services dubbed Windows Live, introducing a number of new features and enhancements including an updated version of Live.com and a Windows Live Toolbar.
Windows Live Search complements MSN search, and ultimately both services will be powered by the same underlying technology, according to Adam Sohn, Microsoft's Director of Global Sales & Marketing PR. While the Windows Live site will focus primarily on productivity, the MSN brand will continue to ev
olve as a media and content destination.
I didn't get a chance to use Windows Live Search or see a demonstration of it prior to launch, but I was able to review screenshots of the service. The differences between Windows Live Search and MSN search appear to be largely cosmetic with the introduction of this beta, with the addition of some additional user interface controls and a few other features.
"These are tools that help people better visualize and connect to the information they care about," said Sohn.
For example, sliders allow you to resize search results, adding or removing information such as descriptions, or in the case of images, making thumbnails larger or smaller. There's also a new "film strip" view that shows thumbnail images in the left rail of a result page and larger single images on the rest of the page.